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Nitric oxide precursors Are they Beneficial ? facts and details

January 27, 2021Advices, body, food additives, health, Healthy day, mind, spirit

Nitric oxide precursors, More about the most popular precursors used in food supplements

Several different ingredients are constantly found in the various nitrogen boosters available on the market. The main group of them are precursors, which serve as raw materials for the production of nitric oxide.

The latter gives an unforgettable inflating effect. In order for this to happen, however, a second group of substances is added to the supplements – helping the absorption and action of the boosters. I have prepared a small list of interesting and common groups of ingredients on the labels.

Nitric oxide precursors

Arginine importers Forms:

arginine alpha-ketoglutarate (AACG), arginine hydrochloride (arginine HCL), tri-arginine malate, arginine malate, di-L-arginine L-malate; Arginine is one of the twenty DNA encoded and involved in protein amino acid structures. You can read more about it in the article “Known and lesser known properties of L-arginine”. AACG is a compound of two molecules arginine and an alpha-ketoglutarate molecule. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is a substance (ketone) precursor of the most common amino acid in the body – glutamine.

Alpha-ketoglutarate-bound agrinin is thought to be more readily digestible than arginine bound to other substances (hydrochloride and malate). Faster and more complete absorption of arginine leads to a greater pumping effect, which is why manufacturers are constantly experimenting with new importers of arginine.

Citrulline importers Forms:

L-citrulline malate, L-citrulline hydrochloride, L-citrulline alpha-ketoglutarate Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that, once absorbed by the body, is easily converted to l-arginine. That is why its most important property is to import more arginine, for an additional pumping effect. The body synthesizes arginine only when needed, so citrulline provides a lasting pumping effect, ie. acts as a second dose of arginine.

Another important function of citrulline is its participation in the “urea cycle”, in which it converts toxic ammonia into less toxic urea. Citrulline is given all the positive properties of arginine, but in practice there are no confirmatory studies to prove this. There is evidence that citrulline reduces the feeling of fatigue.

Excipients

Ornithine importers

Forms: ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (JAG), ornithine malate, ornithine hydrochloride JAG is a combination of the amino acid L-ornithine, which is not involved in protein structures, and the alpha-ketoglutaric acid involved in the Krebs cycle. JAG is given the properties of broad precursors of: arginine, glutamine, proline and polyamines. There are studies giving the combination of ornithine and alpha-ketoglutarate the character of immunosuppressive agents. There is evidence that the relationship between JAG and cortisol in the blood is inversely proportional.

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate is thought to improve recovery from injuries, open wounds (proven) and post-workout stress. There is no evidence of a proven anabolic effect of the combination, although there are claims of similar properties – most often from manufacturers. The use of JAG in nitrogen boosters is in order to improve recovery, an additional source of l-arginine and a probable anabolic effect (the latter is an assumption / statement of manufacturers).

Histidine importers

Forms: L-histidine hydrochloride, L-histidine alpha-ketoglutarate Histidine is an amino acid that is involved in protein synthesis. Although it is debated whether this amino acid is essential, many studies have found that it is deficient in athletes. In addition to the participation of histidine in protein synthesis in cells, it is also given the properties of a powerful antioxidant.

In addition to its ability to form a thiol antioxidant, it metabolizes the dipeptides carnosine and anserine. These substances are most commonly found in muscle and brain tissue. The dipeptide anserine is given the properties of a fatigue-suppressing, “refreshing” substance. Nitrogen boosters contain antioxidants to protect cells from the increased oxygen stress to which they are exposed during increased blood flow during aerobic-anaerobic long pumping series in training.

Creatine importers

Forms: creatine monohydrate, creatine alkaline, tri-creatine malate, creatine malate, creatine phosphate, creatine pyruvate and others. They bring creatine into the body. You can find out more about creatine in the article “Creatine – the lord of explosive power”. In addition to being a fast energy source to support training and pumping, creatine monohydrate has the side effect of retaining water. In the case of nitrogen boosters, this is a big plus, because the pumping effect is superimposed on the growing volume of water-retaining muscle cells.

Importer of NAD + / NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

Forms: OVER + / OVER (free or linked OVER) NAD is a natural substance for the body, which is extremely important for all energy exchange processes in the cells. This substance is involved in the very basis of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and so on. Its role is to carry out electronic transport between the membranes of mitochondria in cells and thus create a usable form of energy for all multicellular life forms.

Most of the amount of NAD in human cells is bound to cellular proteins (up to 80%). It is activated mainly in severe cellular changes (division, repair of damaged proteins, protein synthesis, etc.). The remaining few% of NAD are involved in energy supply. It is believed that the introduction of additional NAD may increase the aerobic capacity (with low-intensity exercise) of those taking it. Imported in a nitrogen booster, it can: increase the ability to produce energy for several hours, indirectly help replace damaged proteins (actin, myosin, etc.), reduce the feeling of fatigue (chronic fatigue), supplement the action of creatine .

Cyclodextrins

Forms: afla, beta gamma, etc. cyclodextrins Cyclodextrins are artificially synthesized substances from the group of oligosaccharides (carbohydrates). Their molecules have a specific ring shape due to simple sugars linked in a closed chain. The oligosaccharides in question are readily soluble in water because the outer surfaces of the ring molecules are hydrophilic in nature. The inner part binds to substances of a hydrophobic nature. All this chemistry aims to help you understand how manufacturers pack water-insoluble substances in cyclodextrins so that the latter can transfer them more quickly across the cell membranes of the cells covering the stomach and intestines. This improves absorption and reduces the response time of otherwise difficult to digest substances.

Mineral phosphates

Forms: potassium, sodium and calcium phosphates Mineral phosphates improve the solubility of powdered additives, and get into the stomach with a small amount of water, create a concentration gradient that helps the entry of some hydrophilic molecules. The next time you see these ingredients, you will know exactly what each one is for. This will help you choose the desired product with more confidence.

Nitric oxide precursors

Sources used for Nitric oxide precursors  :

  1. wikipedia.org
  2. Bendahan D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, et al. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:282-9.
  3. Callis A, Magnan de Bornier B, Serrano JJ, et al. Activity of citrulline malate on acid-base balance and blood ammonia and amino acid levels. Study in the animal and in man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991;41:660-3.
  4. Zurich Medical Labs. Abstracts and clinical studies-citrulline malate. Available at: http://www.zurichlabs.com/id_noxtz.htm. Accessed May 25, 2005.
  5. Forsyth LM, Preuss HG, MacDowell AL, et al. Therapeutic effects of oral NADH on the symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1999; 82:185-191.
  6. Bellia F, Amorini AM, La Mendola D, Vecchio G, Tavazzi B, Giardina B, Di Pietro V, Lazzarino G, Rizzarelli E. “New glycosidic derivatives of histidine-containing dipeptides with antioxidant properties and resistant to carnosinase activity.” Eur J Med Chem. 2007 Apr 24; PMID: 17548130
  7. Cynober L., “Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate as a potent precursor of arginine and nitric oxide: a new job for an old friend.” J Nutr. 2004 Oct;134(10 Suppl):2858S-2862S; discussion 2895S. Review. PMID: 15465801
  8. Donati L, Ziegler F, Pongelli G, Signorini MS. Nutritional and clinical efficacy of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in severe burn patients. Clin Nutr. 1999; 18:307-311.
  9. Le Boucher J, Eurengbiol, Farges MC, et al. Modulation of immune response with ornithine A-ketoglutarate in burn injury: an arginine or glutamine dependency? Nutrition. 1999; 15; 773-777.
  10. Jeevanandam M, Petersen SR. Substrate fuel kinetics in enterally fed trauma patients supplemented with ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate. Clin Nutr. 1999; 18; 209-217.

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